Barrel-type processing apparatus

ABSTRACT

A workpiece holder receptacle has a sidewall in the form of a polygonal-shaped body, a generally flat rear end bottom wall and a top wall in the form of a generally frusto-polygonal-shaped front end cover. The top wall has edge portions which surround a generally centrally located relatively large opening, and the receptacle is perforated throughout the greater portion thereof to permit treating solutions to escape. The polygonal side and top walls impart additional tumbling motion to the workpieces upon rotation of the receptacle. The receptacle is mounted in a support bracket which has a base through which the receptacle axis extends. The base is provided with a plurality of elongated arms which engage the walls of the receptacle.

nu aw Warren, Mich.

Original application July 27, 11966, Ser. No. 568,287, now Patent No. 3,521,651), dated July 28, 1970. Divided and this application Jan. 21, 1969, Ser. No. 821,532

BARREL-TYPE PROCESSING APPARATUS 3 Claims, 13 Drawing Figs.

US. Cl. 259/90 lint. Cl B011 9/02 Field of Search 259/90, 89,

Primary Examiner-Robert W. Jenkins Allorneys- Elwood J. Schaffer and Roger J. Drew ABSTRACT: A workpiece holder receptacle has a sidewall in the form of a polygonal-shaped body, a generally flat rear end bottom wall and a top wall in the form of a generally frustopolygonal-shaped front end cover. The top wall has edge portions which surround a generally centrally located relatively large opening, and the receptacle is perforated throughout the greater portion thereof to permit treating solutions to escape. The polygonal side and top walls impart additional tumbling motion to the workpieces upon rotation of the receptacle. The receptacle is mounted in a support bracket which has a base through which the receptacle axis extends. The base is provided with a plurality of elongated arms which engage the walls of the receptacle.

BARREL- i PROCESSING APPTUS This is a divisional application of our copending application entitled Barrel Type Processing Apparatus, Ser. No. 568,287, filed July 27, 1966, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,521,650, dated July 28, 1970.

This invention relates to an automatic barrel plating and processing machine and equipment therefor, such machine being adapted for the bulk handling of small articles and for alternately tumbling, and then transferring a mass of small articles from one work station or position to another.

The present invention is concerned with the type of machine which is particularly useful for chemical and electrochemical treatment of small articles in bulk. Such machines are commonly referred to as barrel plating machines although their use is not restricted to electroplating processes. The prior art machines have been extensively employed in industry for automatically processing a variety of workpieces through a series of treating sequences which often include one or more electrochemical or electroplating steps. Such machines include an elongated central frame and means for mounting a plurality of receptacles or baskets (called barrels) in an inclined position for travel in a generally oval path around the frame from station to station. Means are also provided for intermittently driving the barrels around the frame, for swinging the barrels upwardly to clear obstructions as they pass through certain portions of their path, and means for rotating the barrels upon their own axes when they are in their lowered, inclined positions for tumbling workpieces supported therein.

The general arrangement of a typicalmachine of this type is illustrated in the U.S. Pat. to Albert H. l-lannon No. 2,148,552 entitled Barrel Plating Machine" and in the U.S. Pat. to James Barton No. 2,963,140 entitled Barrel Type Conveyor Apparatus." The machine shown in the l-iannon patent includes a central frame having tanks or other work stations arranged along both sides thereof in a generally oval pattern. A plurality of barrels are supported upon brackets which are mounted for sliding or rolling travel along a track fixed upon the frame. The barrels are rotatably mounted upon arms which are pivoted upon the brackets for vertically swinging movement with respect thereto. Thus the barrels may be rotated upon their own axes, advanced around the central frame, and swung upwardly for clearing obstructions or for unloading. Normally in machines of this type, the barrels are rotatably driven only when they are in their lowered inclined positions. In the Hannon patent rotational drive of the barrels is accomplished by a pair of elongated worms mounted on opposite sides of the central frame adjacent to the tanks and ar-' ranged to be rotatably driven. Each barrel is provided with a worm wheel which engages one of the worms when the barrel is lowered into its opposite position to couple the barrel to the worm for the rotary drive of the barrel through its worm wheel.

The Barton patent illustrates a machine in which a continuous chain is trained around the complete path that the barrels travel on the machine, and each one of the barrels is provided with a specially shaped sprocket which engages the chain for rotational drive when the barrels are lowered into their inclined operative positions at the treating or work stations.

The Barton and Hannon machines just described are believed to be typical prior art processing machines. Each of the machines has certain operational and functional disadvantages due in part to the fact that all of the barrels have entrance openings which face the central frame thereby making it very difficult at times to load and unload the barrels. In addition an excessive amount of time is required for loading, un loading and transferring the barrels during the treating operations. As a result of the barrel construction, it is necessary that the left arm assemblies on the machines to which the barrels are connected are inclined downwardly when in an operative position in the treating tanks as illustrated in the Hannon and Barton patents. In addition, each barrel has to be raised to a greater extent between the inclined downwardly extending operative position and the inclined upwardly extending raised and transfer position. Thus the specific location of the openings in the barrels of the aforementioned prior art machine require a complex, cumbersome and rather expensive structure to achieve the requisite lifting action of the barrels, such structure imposing unduly high stress and wear on the operating components of the machine.

The present processing apparatus incorporates many unique and novel features which overcome certain of the technical problems inherent in the prior art machines including the arrangement on the frame of a plurality of barrels having entrance openings facing outwardly of the frame in order to facilitate the loading and unloading of the barrels and the overall operation and functioning of the apparatus during the processing sequences. Such an apparatus is of simple and durable design and provides for a high degree of operating flexibility and versatility not heretofore known in barrel plating or processing machines.

The unique design and configuration of the barrel of the present invention, which has the entrance opening therein facing outwardly with respect to the frame of the processing machine, has many advantages. The barrel is in the form of a hollow perforated receptacle closed at the bottom, with the side and top walls thereof each being of polygonal configuration, specifically eight-sided, for imparting additional tumbling motion to the workpieces in the receptacle upon rotation thereof. Each barrel is mounted on the frame of the processing machine by means of a novel and unique lift arm, which is provided with rotatable and nonrotatable housing portions through which a cathodic conductor extends, whereby the lift arm and barrel assembly has a generally horizontal attitude when in the operative position at a treating station and when at the loading station to facilitate treating and loading of the workpieces respectively. The lift arm and barrel assembly is raised to an inclined attitude or position, with the entrance opening of the barrel facing upwardly when the barrel is moved from station to station. The lift arm and barrel assembly has an inclined downwardly extending attitude or position, with the entrance opening of the barrel facing downwardly when at the unloading station to permit the workpieces to be readily discharged therefrom.

it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved barrel processing machine, with each barrel having an entrance opening facing outwardly from the machine to facilitate loading, treating and unloading of the workpieces therein.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a workpiece holder or barrel of the type which is adapted for use on a processing machine, with the holder comprising a hollow perforated receptacle having an opening in the top wall, a closed bottom and side and top walls of polygonal configuration for imparting additional tumbling motion to the workpieces in the receptacle upon rotation thereof.

It is thus another object of this invention to provide a simplified low-cost structure of the aforementioned type having certain advantages contributing to efficiency, reliability and long life as well as ease of maintenance.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein a preferred form of the present invention is clearly shown.

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the barrel processing apparatus incorporating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and illustrating a typical arrangement of treating receptacles or tanks disposed around the apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the barrel processing machine looking in the direction of arrow A.

H0. 3 is a side elevational view of the barrel processing machine looking in the direction of arrow B.

FIG. 3 is a transverse vertical view taken on the line a l of FIG. 11 and illustrating one of the barrels of the apparatus in a loading position.

FIG. 5 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of FIG. 1 and illustrating the barrels in an operative position at the treating stations.

FIG. 6 is an end view of a barrel and a tank taken on the line 6--6 of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 7-7 of FIG. 1 and illustrating a barrel in an elevated transfer position ready to move to the next station.

FIG. 8 is a transverse view taken on the line 8-8 of FIG. 1 and illustrating a barrel in solid lines in an operative position, and in dotted lines in an elevated transfer position.

FIG. 9 is a transverse vertical view taken on the line 99 of FIG. 1, and illustrating a reciprocating snorkel-type heating unit in a barrel at the drying station for directing heated air onto the workpieces in the barrel.

FIG. 10 is a fragmentary side view of a barrel and associated conveyor mechanism taken on the line ll0 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of a carrier or lift arm assembly and the mounting therefor.

FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line l2l2 of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is a fragmentary side view, in section, taken on the line 13-13 of FIG. 1.

Referring now to the drawings, and as may best be illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, inclusive and FIG. 5, the barrel processing machine or apparatus is designated by the numeral 10. The apparatus comprises an elongated central frame 12 around which is located an elongated outer frame 14 for supporting a series of aligned treating receptacles or tanks 16.

The specific barrel processing apparatus 10 is of the turnaround type wherein the travel of the workpieces is in a closed-loop pattern commencing at the loading station generally indicated by the numeral in FIG. 1 through a series of treating tanks 16 in a counterclockwise direction as indicated by the arrows C (FIG. 1) and terminating at an unloading station 24 adjacent to the loading station 20 as viewed in FIG. 1. It will of course be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments of this invention are equally applicable to conveying machines of the straightthrough type wherein the workpieces are loaded at one end of the machine and are conveyed therealong through the treating receptacles and unloaded at the other end thereof.

The elongated central frame 12 comprises a pair of longitudinally extending base channels 26 connected to each other by a series of transverse base channels 28 at the ends and at inter mediate points thereof in order to provide a rigid supporting base platform. The central frame 12 further includes a series of longitudinally spaced centrally located upright columns 30 which are rigidly affixed at their lower ends to the transverse base channels 28 and a pair of rows of longitudinally spaced upright support members 32 which are rigidly affixed at their lower ends to the base channels 28. One row of support members 32 is located on each side of the central row of base channels 28. Each column 30 is transversely aligned with a pair of support members 32, with the upper ends of such column and members 32 connected by a transversely extending support beam 34 which has the ends thereof connected to column 30 by braces 36.

A continuous work-supporting angle or rail 38 is rigidly affixed, as an example, to the support beams 34, support members 32 and to other structural frame members. The rail 38 extends in a continuous loop around the entire central frame 12 and comprises a pair of straight rail sections 40 extending along the straight side portions of the central frame 12 and a pair of semicircular arcuate turnaround rail sections, not shown, connected to the rail sections 40 and extending around the end portions of the frame 12.

A plurality of workpiece holder and barrel assemblies 42 are mounted on lift or carry arm assemblies 44, the latter assemblies 44 being attached to conveyor means provided on the central frame 12 for moving the barrel assemblies 42 in a generally oval path around the frame 12.

The lift arm assembly 44 as best illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12 comprises an elongated tubular sleeve 46, as an example, made from steel and a cathodic or electrical conductor 48, as an example, made from copper coaxially mounted in the interior of the sleeve 46 and separated therefrom by means of a pair of insulators or insulating bushings 50 provided at opposite ends of the sleeve 46 as best illustrated in FIG. 12. The bushings 50 are made, as an example, from nylon. The lift arm assembly 44 further includes on the front end portion of the sleeve 46 an external tubular housing 52 which is coaxially mounted with respect to the sleeve 46 and is spaced therefrom. A pair of roller or ball bearings 54 are located in the space between the housing 52 and the sleeve 46 and mounts the housing 52 for rotation. The annular bearings 54 are held in place by means of internal shoulders 56 provided in the housing 52 and by means of snaprings 58 carried by the sleeve 46 and adapted to hold the bearings 54 against the shoulders 56 as best illustrated in FIG. 12. The housing 52 includes a front mounting flange 6.0, a rear mounting flange 62, and an annular mounting ring 64 extending rearwardly from the flange 62.

The lift arm assembly 44 further includes a nonrotatable housing 66 which is coaxially mounted with respect to the sleeve 46. The housing 66 is U-shaped and in the fonn of a yoke having a pair of laterally spaced arms or brackets 68. The forward or front end surface 70 of the yoke 66 is spaced from the rear end surface 72 provided on the rotatable housing 52. A drive sprocket 73 is fixedly mounted on the annular mounting ring 64 and is held against the rear surface of mounting flange 62 and is adapted to rotate housing 52. A spacing element 74 and thrust washer 76 are located between the housings 52 and 56. The spacer 74 is provided with an internal bushing 77 which engages the sleeve 46. A plurality of radially spaced fastening elements or pins 80 extend through the spacer 74, sprocket 73 and flange 62 for securing same together as a rotatable unit.

The forward or front end of the yoke 66 is provided on the outer periphery thereof with an annular recess 82 in which is mounted an annular bearing element 84 carrying a cam ring or wheel 86. The bearing 84 and ring 86 are fixedly held in place on the yoke 46 by means of a snapring 88 and the thrust washer 76 heretofore described.

The trailing end of the conductor 48 is provided with a flange 90 which is spaced from the centrally located yoke surface 92 by an annular ring member 94 and by a spacer or washer 96. The ring member 94 is carried by the sleeve 46 and is secured thereto by a plurality of fastening devices 98. The conductor 48 is insulated from yoke 66 by means of the spacer 96.

An electrical contact shoe is provided which includes an upstanding flange 102 terminating on the lower end thereof in an enlarged base or shoe portion 104. The front side of the flange is provided with a depressed surface 106 extending the full length thereof and terminating laterally in edges or surfaces 108 and 110. The flange 90 of the conductor fits into the depression of the shoe 100, with the surfaces thereon in electrical contact with surfaces 106, 108 and 110 provided on shoe 100 as best illustrated in FIG. 1 l.

The yoke 66 further includes a saddle 112 extending transversely between the arms 68. The saddle 1 12 includes a pair of mounting lugs 114 which overlie a pair of lugs 116 provided on the contact shoe 100. The contact shoe 100 is connected to the saddle 112 of yoke 66 by means of a pair of pins 118 extending through the openings in the corresponding lugs 114 and 116.

interposed between each of the opposing lugs 114 and 116 is resilient means 120 in the form of a coil spring effective to urge or bias the contact shoe 100 downwardly into engagement with the cathode rail as will be subsequently described. The resilient means 120 maintains electrical contact between the rail and shoe 100 and compensates for any wear or warpage in the rail. In order to permit the shoe 100 to slide vertically a bearing 122 made, as an example, from Teflon is provided between the back side of the shoe flange 102 and a movable pressure or backup plate 124.

Resilient means are provided for urging the backup plate 124, bearing 122 and shoe 100 toward the conductor 48, such means taking the fonn, as an example, of a pair of coiled springs 131i interposed between the saddle 112 and the backup plate 126. The saddle 112 is provided with a pair of centrally located upper and lower rods or spring guides 129 around which the biasing springs 1311 are located as best illustrated in FIG. 11.

Thus the contact shoe 1116 is resiliently mounted on the saddle 112 for movement horizontally as well as vertically to insure effective electrical contact at all times.

An insulating spacer or element 132 is interposed between each yoke arm 6% and the corresponding end of saddle 112. A pair of fastening devices 13 1 secured each arm 68, spacer 132 and the saddle 112 together. The fastening devices 134 each include a threaded bolt, washer, nut and an insulating bushing 136 insulating the yoke 66.

The arms or brackets 66 are pivotally connected to a conveyor driven movable bracket or carriage 1311. The carriage 136 has a pair of lugs M0 with openings corresponding to the openings in brackets 6%. A pivot shaft 1412 extends through the openings in lugs 1 11) and brackets 6% thereby pivotally mounting the lift arm assembly Ml as will be described later.

it should be appreciated that the electrical current carrying parts of the lift arm assembly M are suitably insulated from the other parts thereof for safety purposes.

The workpiece holder and bracket assembly 12 is mounted on the forward or front end of the lift arm assembly 12 and is provided with a generally centrally located axis which is coincidental with the axis of the lift arm assembly Ml. The bracket 1% of the assembly 12 includes a base 146 through which the axis extends. Attached to the base 146 are a plurality of elongated arms Mlfi, each arm Md being secured on the same end to the base 1416 at spaced points thereon. The arms 1 1b extend forwardly from the base 146 and are arranged generally parallel to the axis of the assembly d2. A hollow perforated receptacle or basket 1511 is carried by the bracket 1% as illustrated in the drawings. The receptacle 150 is provided with a closed bottom or bottom wall 152 and includes a sidewall 1M and a top wall 156. The side and top walls are each of polygonal configuration. Specifically, the sidewall 154l of the receptacle consists of panels 155 of rectangular configuration which are arranged in the form of an octagonal-shaped body. The top wall 156 of the receptacle consists of panels 157 of trapezoidal configuration which are arranged in the form of a frusto octagonal-shaped cover with the ends or edges of the eight top sections or panels 157 surrounding a generally centrally located relatively large circular opening 160 through which the workpieces to be treated are introduced into the receptacle 150 as illustrated in FIG. 6. The base 1416 is provided with a centrally located opening 162. The bottom wall 152 is provided with a centrally located opening 164 in which is fixedly located a tubular element 165. The element 165 extends through the opening 162 in the base 146 and through the opening 167 in the disc 166 located on the interior of the receptacle against the bottom wall 152. The disc 166, base M6 and bottom wall 152 are insulated or made from nonconducting materials. A plurality of radially spaced fastening means 1611 such as threaded nuts and bolts are provided for securing the disc 166, bottom wall 152 of the receptacle 150, the base M6 of the bracket M4 to the mounting flange 61) provided on housing 52. The top and sidewalls 156 and 1 respectively, and in some cases the bottom wall 152, of the receptacle 150 are perforated on all the surfaces thereof to permit treating solutions injected into the receptacle during the processing operations to escape. Each perforation has a diameter of approximately nine thirtyseconds inch. The perforations are arranged in a relatively close pattern so as to substantially cover all surfaces of the receptacle llfill. The polygonal configuration of the top and sidewalls of the receptacle 150 help to add or to impart additional tumbling motion to the workpieces in the receptacle 1511 upon rotation thereof. The receptacle, as an example, is made from polypropylene having a thickness of three-eighths inch.

Each side of the central frame 12 is provided with a longitudinally extending channel-shaped member 172 fixedly mounted on the crossmembers or supports 34. Each member 172 includes a vertical backwall 17d, upper and lower horizontally extending flanges 176 and 178 respectively and inwardly turned upper and lower vertical flanges w ll and 1&2 respectively which are spaced laterally from the backwall 1W1. The channel members 172 extend substantially the entire length of the frame 12, one member 172 on each side of the frame 12 as best illustrated in lFlG. E5.

The upper part of each member 172 including flanges 176 and 1% form an upper chain guide or track while the lower part of each member 1'72 including flanges 171i and W2 form a lower chain guide or track. An upper continuous or endless link chain or conveyor 1 is located in the upper chain guide aforesaid and extends around the central frame 12 and is supported at the arcuate turn around portions of the apparatus 10 by an upper idler sprocket 163': at one end of the apparatus lltl and by an upper drive sprocket at the other end of the apparatus 11). The chain or conveyor 1% consists of a series of pivotally connected upper and lower links which have interposed therebetween a continuous series of closely spaced upper guide rollers 1&5 which engage opposing vertical surfaces of the upper guide tracks aforesaid as the chain 11% traverses the frame 12. The purpose of the guide rollers 1%5 is to provide lateral stability for the conveyor chain 1% as it moves about the periphery of the frame 12.

A lower continuous or endless link chain or conveyor 186, similarly constructed to the conveyor 184, is located in the lower chain guide aforesaid and extends around the central frame 12 and is supported by a lower idler sprocket m3 and by a lower drive sprocket 165'. The chain or conveyor 166 consists of a plurality of interconnected upper and lower links having interposed therebetween a continuous series of closely spaced lower guide rollers 1&7. The guide rollers 1E7 are adapted to engage the vertical surfaces of the lower guide tracks aforesaid as the conveyor or chain 186 moves about the periphery of the frame 12 in synchronous movement with the chain or conveyor 1.

The idler sprockets 183 and 1&3 are rotatably mounted on a shaft NE at one end of the frame 12 while the drive sprockets 165 and WE are rotatably mounted on a shaft 190 at the other end of the apparatus 111. Each pair of sprockets is rotatably mounted at substantially the center of curvature of the corresponding turn around section of the apparatus 10. One pair of sprockets, as an example, the idler sprocket M3 and 183' may be mounted for longitudinal movement with respect to the frame 12 by a takeup device, not shown, which provides adjustment of the tension of the drive chains or conveyors 18- 1 and 186.

The movable carriage or bracket 138 for each lift arm and barrel assembly M is connected to the upper and lower drive conveyor or chains 1% and M6 for movement thereby by means of a pair of upper and lower elongated angle-shaped mounting lugs 192. The mounting lugs 1116 have their vertical legs secured to the bracket or carriage 13d and their horizontal legs interposed and secured to a pair of adjacent links of the corresponding conveyor chain 11% or 186 as best illustrated in lFlG. 5. An elongated U-shaped track 1941 extends the entire length of each of the channel-shaped members 172. The track 19 1 is located at the center of the member 172 adjacent the backwall 17d thereof. The back side of each bracket 133 is provided with a pair of rollers 196 mounted on shafts 1% carried by the bracket 13%. As each carriage 138 and the supported lift arm and barrel assembly 44 moves about the periphery of the frame 12, the guide rollers 1116 provide for and maintain vertical alignment as will appear by referring to F16. 5. it should be understood that the U-shaped track 1914 may be made in several pieces or elements as is well known to a person skilled in the art.

The drive shaft 196 for the upper and lower drive sprockets 165 and respectively is rotatably coupled to a vertical shaft, not shown, on the speed reducer 261). The reducer 2116 is in turn drivingly coupled by a flexible coupling 202 to an electric drive motor 204. By this arrangement the lift arm and barrel assemblies 44 are simultaneously and intermittently advanced along the supporting rail 38 of the endless frame 12 in increments corresponding to the distance between adjacent treating stations.

The near side of the apparatus 10 is provided with a first rotatable barrel chain drive 206 as illustrated in FIG. 2. The farside of the apparatus 10 as illustrated in FIG. 3 is provided with a second barrel chain drive 208 and a third rotatable barrel chain drive 210. The aforementioned barrel chain drives are for the purpose of rotating the barrels 42 at preselected work stations at predetermined speeds.

The first barrel chain drive 206 comprises a drive sprocket 212 mounted on the near end of the shaft 214. The shaft 214 extends laterally across the frame 12 to the far side where the far end thereof is provided with a sprocket 216 which is connected by a chain 218 to a sprocket 220 provided on a speed reducer 222. The speed reducer 222 is connected by means of a flexible coupling, not illustrated, to the electric drive motor 224.

The first barrel chain drive 206 further includes an idler sprocket 226 at the end of the frame 12, an upper idler sprocket 228 mounted on a transversely extending counter shaft 230 and a pair of lower idler sprockets 232 and 234 as best illustrated in FIG. 2. An endless link drive chain 236 extends around the drive sprocket 212, upper idler sprocket 230, idler sprocket 228 and the lower idler sprockets 232 and 234 and is effective when energized or driven to rotatably drive the barrels .42 when at certain of the work treating stations as will subsequently appear.

The counter shaft 230 extends across the frame 12 to the far side thereof as illustrated in FIG. 3 and is provided with a drive sprocket 238 which forms the drive member for the second barrel chain drive 208. The second barrel chain drive 208 further includes an idler sprocket 240 at one end thereof, an upper idler sprocket 242 and a lower idler sprocket 244. An endless drive chain such as a link chain 246 extends around the sprockets 238, 240, 242 and 244. Rotation of the drive sprocket 238 by the first barrel drive 206 is effective to rotate and drive the chain 246 and thereby rotatably drive the corresponding barrels 42 at certain of the work treating stations.

The third barrel chain drive 210 is independent of barrel chain drives 206 and 208 and includes a speed reducer 250 having a drive sprocket 252 thereon. The speed reducer 250 is connected to a drive motor 254'by means of a drive chain 256 or by other suitable means well known in the art. The drive sprocket 252 is in turn connected by a chain drive 258 to a sprocket 260. Located at an end of the frame 12 is an idler sprocket 262 and interposed between the sprockets 260 and 262 is a lower sprocket 264. An endless drive chain 266 extends around the sprockets 260, 262 and 264. The chain 266 when energized or driven is effective to rotate the corresponding barrels 42 at the corresponding stations.

Mounted at the near and far sides of the frame 12 on the rail 38 are cam tracks 270 which extend substantially the entire length of the frame 12. Each cam track 270 includes a horizontal portion 272 provided with a series of downwardly inclined transfer cam surfaces 274 and 276 at the majority of the work stations. The V-shaped area between a pair of cam surfaces 274 and 276 is located generally centrally of the corresponding treating station. The cam track 270 is made in sections and secured to rail 38 by welding or by other fastening means such as bolts. The conveyor drive chains 184 and 186 described previously are effective to move the lift arm and barrel assemblies 44 around the periphery of the frame 12 and to transfer such assemblies 44 from station to station. The first, second and third barrel chain drives 206, 208 and 210 are effective to rotate the sprockets 73 provided on the lift arm assemblies 44 and in turn to rotate the corresponding barrels 150 when the arm assemblies 44 are at the bottom of the V-shaped areas between the sloping cam surfaces 274 and 276.

FIG. 1 illustrates a general layout of the processing apparatus 10 and specifically of an automatic barrel machine. The apparatus 10 is provided with 12 work stations including the loading station 20, unloading station 24 and a series of treating stations, each treating station having a treating tank (containing a treating solution) designated by the letters A-I inclusive. Located adjacent to the treating tank I is station J which is hereinafter referred to as the drying station J where the parts in a barrel are dried as best illustrated in FIG. 9. The apparatus 10 as illustrated in FIG. 1 is provided with 15 lift arm and barrel assemblies 42, one assembly at each of the stations other than station 6 (treating tank E) at any one time. Station 6 is provided with four lift arm and barrel assemblies 42 at any time period.

The following flow and time diagram illustrates the specific function of each of the 12 work stations and also the time required to process a loaded barrel at such stations:

FUNCTION & TIME DIAGRAM Work Derignation Stations of Station Functions Time 1 Loading To Lead Barrels Variable Station 20 (Automatic) 2 Tank A Soak 8t Clean 330 seconds 3 Tank 8 Cold Water Rinse 330 seconds 4 Tank C Acid Bath 330 seconds 5 Tank D Cold Water Rinse 330 seconds 6 Tank E Zinc Plate Bath 23 Min.. 30 seconds 7 Tank F Cold Water Rinse 330 Seconds 8 Tank G Chromate Bath Variable 9 Tank H Cold Water Rinse 330 seconds I0 Tank I Hot Water Rinse 330 seconds I 1 Tank .l Drying 330 seconds 12 Unloading Station 24 To Unload Treated Variable (Automatic) Parts From Barrels The function and time diagram illustrated above istypical of one machine incorporating features of the present invention. It should be appreciated that the functions and time cycles may vary from one machine to another.

The apparatus 10 illustrated in the drawings produces ten barrels of work per hour and has a dwell time of 5 minutes and 30 seconds and a transfer time of 30 seconds as will be understood by a person skilled in the art.

Each lift arm and barrel assembly 44 has three positions including: (a) a loading position and a plating position where the longitudinal axis of the lift arm and barrel assembly 44 is generally horizontal, with the entrance opening of the barrel 1S0 facing outwardly away from the frame 12, with the loading position illustrated in FIG. 4 and the plating position or operative position illustrated in FIG. 5; (b) a transfer position where the longitudinal axis of the lift arm and barrel assembly 44 is inclined upwardly as illustrated in FIG. 7, with the opening 160 of the barrel 42 facing upwardly and outwardly; and c) an unloading position as illustrated in FIG. 10, with the longitudinal axis of the lift arm and barrel assembly 44 being inclined downwardly and with the opening 160 of the barrel 42 facing downwardly and outwardly.

The arrangement of the barrels 150 and the corresponding lift arm assemblies on the frame 12 as described heretofore has an important advantage not heretofore utilized in prior art machines in that the entrance openings 160 of the barrels 42 are located on the outer periphery of the apparatus 10 rather than on the inner periphery of the apparatus as illustrated in the aforementioned Barton and I-Iannon patents, Stated in another way, the entrance openings 160 in barrels 42 face outwardly or in a direction away from the frame 12 to permit more efficient loading, treating and unloading of the parts or pieces in the barrels 150.

The loading station illustrated in FIG. 4 includes a conveyor apparatus 270 which is effective to move relatively small parts or workpieces to be treated from a discharge hopper, not shown, into the barrel or receptacle 150 through the entrance opening 1166 provided therein.

A generally U-shaped tank E is provided at the sixth work station which extends around one end of the frame 12 as best illustrated in FIG. ll. Tank E contains, as an example, a zinc plating bath in which four barrels we are located at any given time as mentioned previously. The upper periphery of the tank E is provided with an overflow trough 273. The trough 273, starting at the center thereof at the place designated by the numeral 27d, slopes downwardly in opposite directions indicated by arrows l) and D in FIG. l to the low points on the upper periphery of the tank E designated by the numerals 275 and 276. The overflow trough 273, as an example, is 2 inches deep at point 274i and approximately 6 and 7 inches deep at points 275 and 276 in order to collect and direct treating solutions overflowing from tank E into opposite ends of an overflow tank 236. The trough has a width of approximately 8 inches. Tank 23b is located at the back of the rear wall 2311 of tank E.

The overflow tank 230 is provided with a centrally located sump 232 having a height equal to the height of the overflow tank 236. The sump 232 extends laterally acrom the tank 230 and is provided on opposite sides thereof with filter units 233 which filter the treating or plating solution from the tank 236 prior to the solution entering the sump 232 where additional zinc is added to the solution. In order to regulate or control the temperature of the solution in the overflow tank 286, a heating coil or, in other cases, a cooling coil 236 is provided as an optional feature. A centrally located vertically arranged conduit 283 extends upwardly from the overflow sump 232 and is connected on the upper end thereof to a pump 2'30. The pump 23% is connected to a conduit distribution system 292 which is arranged in the form of a U as best illustrated in FIG. l and is mounted on the apparatus spaced above the top of the tank E. The conduit system 292 is provided with four discharge spouts 294, one spout 29A for each of the barrels 150 in the treating tank E. The purpose of the overflow tank 230, sump 232 and the conduit distribution system 292 is to provide a continuous supply of filtered treating solution for the barrels llfib, such solution having additional zinc added thereto in the sump 232.

Treating tank F is provided with a delayed set down or quick position device 3M) which maintains the barrel 150 in a transfer or raised position for a predetermined period of time when the other barrels 150 on the apparatus are in plating or treating positions. After a predetermined amount of time has elapsed the delayed set down device 366 lowers the barrel into the treating solution in tank F as illustrated in H68. 1 and 6.

The delayed set down device 306 includes a housing 302 carried by the frame 112. A vertically movable platform 36A is located in the space generally occupied by the cam area defined by surfaces 274 and 276. The platform 304! is connected to a screw jack 306 having a nut 303 thereon mounted for rotation only. The nut 303 is power driven in rotation, as an example, by a motor, not shown, which is effective to raise or lower the platform 304, and in turn the lift arm and barrel assembly 44 thereon. The delayed set down device 306 is energized automatically according to a predetermined time pattern to transfer the barrel 150 from a raised or transfer position to a treating position and thereafter to the transfer position for movement to the next station.

The drying station J illustrated in FIG. 9 is provided with assembly 310 comprising a body 312 provided with a steam core or cores 3% or other suitable heating means or devices. The front side of the body 312 is provided with a funnel-shaped duct 316 which is connected to a fan and blower assembly 313. The assembly M8 is drivenly connected to a motor 32ll which is adapted to drive the fan and thereby deliver, as an example, 1,300 c.f.m. of heated air. The outlet of the blower assembly 31123 is provided with an outlet duct 326i]. Tl-Ie return side of the body 3112 is provided with a return duct 322 having adjacent the entrance opening 32d thereof a pair of roll vanes lb 326. Duct 322 also includes a pair of roll vanes 326 which are larger than the heretofore mentioned roll vanes 326.

The upper end 336 of the inlet duct 320 is provided with a generally cylindrical transversely extending opening 332. Located in the opening 332 is a generally tubular and reciprocable snorkel or conduit 33A. The snorkel 334i is provided on the inner end thereof with a series of openings 336 in the bottom portion thereof. The outer end of the snorkel 334 is provided on the bottom outside surface thereof with a rack 33%. A gear or pinion drive 3 M) is appropriately mounted and is adapted upon rotation thereof to move the snorkel 334i with respect to the barrel 1156 at the drying station J.

After a barrel 1150 has been moved or indexed to the drying station .l, the drier assembly 3116 is automatically energized so as to move the snorkel 334 into the opening 160 of the barrel 150. Thereafter the fan and blower assembly 3113 pulls the air across the steam or heated coils and directs the heated air into the snorkel 334 via the inlet duct 320*. The snorkel 34M) directs the heated air downwardly through the openings 336 provided therein directly on and across the workpieces in barrel we. The fan 313 pulls or sucks the air from the barrel 150 via the return duct 322 as is well known in the art. After the predetermined time sequence has taken place the snorkel 33d is automatically retracted from the barrel we and moved to a rear position until the succeeding barrel 150 is indexed to the drying station J.

FIGS. 2 and illustrate the barrel 1150 in the unload position at the unloading station 24. A power-operated lift device 350 is provided at the unloading station 24 for lowering and raising the barrel with respect to the rail 33.

Tile rail 38 is provided with a gap or opening, not illustrated. The power lift device 350 includes a housing 352 having a pair of guide channels. A slide or platform 354 is located in the gap of the guide rail 33 for closing same and is connected by guide means, not shown, to a jack or threaded member 356. A nut 358 is mounted on the jack 356 for rotation only and is driven in rotation by an electric motor 360. Rotation of the motor 360 and the nut 353 is effective to raise or lower the jack and in turn the slide 354 depending on the direction of rotation of the nut 353. The treated or plated parts in the barrel 150 are discharged :into a suitable carrier or tote box.

The operation of the apparatus ll ll has been already indicated while the various parts were being described. Tl-le workpieces or parts are loaded into the receptacle 1156 from a conveyor 27 3 as illustrated in FIG. 41. The drive conveyors i341 and 1136 thereafter raise the barrel 1150 into a transfer or inclined position or attitude as illustrated, as an example, in FIG. 7 and move the barrel 150 to treating tank A where the barrel R50 is lowered into a generally horizontal treating position or attitude as illustrated in FlG. 5. Thereafter the barrel chain drive 206 engages the sprocket 73 provided on the barrel lfitl in tank A and rotates same (and housing 52 of the lift arm assembly M) in the solution in the treating tank A where the parts are initially cleaned. Upon completion of the requisite time period in tank A, the conveyors llb ll and 166 sequentially and intermittently move the barrel 150 through tank B into tank C which is provided with an acid solution. The acid solution dissolves any grease from the surfaces of the workpieces which are undergoing rotation at such station. Upon completion of the requisite time period at tank C the barrel 150 is raised and transferred by conveyors 1184 and 1136 to tank I) which is a cold water rinse station. A spout 362 is located above the tank D and is connected to a supply of cold water under pressure. The spout 362 is located adjacent the entrance opening to the barrel 1130 and supplies cold water continuously to the rotating barrel in tank D. Upon completion of the requisite time period at tank D, the barrel 130 is advanced and transferred to tank E where the workpieces in the rotatable barrels we are rotated, as an example, in a zinc bath for plating the workpieces. The barrel 130 periodically is advanced along the curved turnaround portion of the rail 33 adjacent the tank E while undergoing continual rotation. A fresh zinc plating Solution is continuously pumped into the barrels 150 in tank E as explained previously to improve the plating efficiency. The workpieces in the barrels 150 in tank E are subjected to the action of the electroplating current and plating solution as they pass in the barrels 150 in a generally U-shaped path around rail 38 while undergoing rotation.

Upon completion of the requisite time period in tank E, which is approximately 23% minutes, the barrel 150 is raised and transferred to tank F which is a cold water rinse. A continuous supply of cold water may be directed into the entrance opening 160 of the barrel 150 via a spout of the type described at tank D and designated by the numeral 362. Upon completion of the aforementioned cold water rinsing cycle, the barrel 150 is moved to tank G which is provided with the delayed action set down device 300 described previously. Tank G contains a chromate bath and the time period in which the workpieces in the rotating barrel 150 are immersed is dependent upon different electroplating factors well known in the art.

Upon completion of the requisite time period in tank G, the barrel 150 is raised and transferred to a cold water rinse in tank H and then sequentially to a hot water rinse in tank I. A spout 364 is located above tank I and is connected to a supply of hot water under pressure for supplying hot water continuously to the rotating barrel 150. Upon completion of the requisite time period in tank I, the barrel is raised and transferred to the drying station J in FIG. 9 where the snorkel 334 is automatically injected into the mouth of the barrel 150 in order to direct hot air across the rotating workpieces as described previously.

Upon completion of the drying cycle, the barrel 150 is transferred to the unloading station 24 where the power operated lift device 350 is operated effective to lower the barrel 150 on platform 354 and discharge the plated workpieces from barrel 150 into any suitable carrier such as a truck or tote box.

lt should be appreciated that an electrical cathode rail or bus bar 370 is provided along the straight length of each side of the frame 12 and is adapted to supply current to the electrical contact shoe 104 of each lift arm assembly 44 or the rail 370 may be provided only opposite those plating and treating stations requiring electrification as is well known in the art. The electrical system comprising the cathode track or rail 370, the contact shoes 104 and the other electrical component parts of the lift arm assemblies 44 may be inspected and repaired in certain instances without requiring the complete disassembly of the lift arm assemblies 44 or their removal from the frame 12.

The apparatus or machine is fully automatic. The movements and operations of the barrels 150 are under the control of a completely automatic electrical system, not illustrated. The various mechanical and electrical elements and parts of the apparatus 10 cooperate in time relationship so that such elements and parts operate at predetermined times and produce the predetermined results of lifting the barrel or lift arm assemblies 44 at the proper point, transporting the raised assemblies 44 horizontally a predetermined amount to the next treating stations, lowering the lift arm assemblies 44 to a horizontal attitude at the treating stations, rotating the barrels where required at such treating stations and repeating the aforementioned cycles of operations until each barrel is processed. The electrical circuit may include safety means which is inoperative as long as the various elements and parts of the machine 10 are maintained in properly timed relationship. In that event that any circumstance arises which interferes with the proper timing of the apparatus or machine 10, a safety circuit immediately becomes operative to stop the driving motors and prevent damage to the apparatus 10.

In summary, the present invention has many important and unique features including: (a) the provision of the sump 282, the recirculating pump 290 and distribution piping 292 which pumps fresh solution into the rotating barrels 150 in tank E; b) the addition of the electric motor powered jack or device 350 which raises and lowers the barrel at the unloading station 24; (c) the design and shape of the processing barrel 150 and the continuous pumping of fresh solution or hot or cold rinse waters into the work being processed in the barrel; (cl) the design and function of the lift arm assembly 44 including the cathodic conductor 48 extending through the assembly; (e) an automatic barrel plating and/or processing machine or apparatus 10 which includes barrel chain drives 206, 208 and 210 in orderto rotate the barrels 150 at the work stations at various predetermined speeds; and (f) the provision of a lift or set down device 300 at a work station along one side of the apparatus 10. The mounting of the barrel 150 as described 'herein has increased the plating efficiency, when compared to present barrel plating machines, by at least 30 percent.

Additional metallic content of zinc is added to the solution in the sump 282 whereby only fresh solution is pumped into the barrel 150 for deposit on the workpieces which is cathodic in nature. The gutter 273 slopes toward the sump 282 and tank E overflows around the entire periphery thereof.

Tanks A, B, G, H are P.V.C. lined as is well known in the art. ln addition a vent hood is provided around the acid tank C and on any other tanks where required to provide an exhaust exit for the fumes, In addition overflow troughs, not shown, are provided along certain of the tanks as is well known in the art. The solutions in the tanks generally have an upper level an inch or so below the top of the tank so that the workpieces in the barrels 150 rotate in solutions.

It should be appreciated that the various drive and conveyor mechanisms including the motors, flexible couplings, link belts, chains, cables, and the like may take different forms or equivalents in order to obtain the desired results.

In addition, the lift arm assemblies 44 are actually moved from a horizontal attitude to a raised attitude by the conveyors 184 and 186 which urges the cams 86 of the assemblies 44 against the cam surfaces 274 and 276 as is obvious to a person skilled in the art.

The two rollers 196 provided on the back of each carriage or bracket 138 tend to prevent twisting of the carriage 138 as it is moved around the endless path by the conveyors 184 and 186.

Another important feature of the present invention is the use of the countershaft drive 230 wherein one drive motor is effective to drive two endless chain drives 206 and 208, one chain drive on each side of the frame 12 as described heretofore.

In certain cases the snorkel 334 will not be utilized. In such instance the outlet duct 320 is provided with a curved end having an opening which faces the opening or mouth of the barrel 150 when in an operative position.

The drawings and the foregoing specification constitute a description of the improved barrel-type processing apparatus in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, the scope of which is indicated by the appended claims.

What we claim as our invention is:

l. A workpiece holder of the type which is adapted for use on a processing machine and which is adapted to rotate about a generally centrally located axis comprising a hollow perforated and symmetrically constructed receptacle having a sidewall consisting of panels of rectangular configuration which are arranged in the form of an octagonal-shaped body, a generally flat bottom wall at the rear end of said body and a top wall consisting of panels of trapezoidal configuration which are arranged in the form of a generally frusto-octagonal-shaped cover at the front end of said body, the panels of said top wall terminating in edge portions which surround a generally centrally located relatively large circular opening through which workpieces to be treated are introduced into the receptacle, the side and top walls of said receptacle being perforated throughout the greater portion thereof to permit treating solutions injected into the receptacle through said opening to escape, said side and top walls being of octagonal shape for imparting additional tumbling motion to the workpieces in the receptacle upon rotation thereof.

2. A workpiece holder and bracket assembly of the type which is adapted for use on a processing machine and which is adapted to rotate about a generally centrally located axis comprising a support bracket having a base through which the axis extends and a plurality of elongated arms, each arm being secured on the same end to said base at spaced points thereon, said arms extending forwardly from said base in a direction generally parallel to the axis, a hollow perforated receptacle carried by said bracket, said receptacle having a sidewall in the form of a polygonal-shaped body, a generally flat bottom wall at the rear end thereof and a top wall in the form of a generally frusto-polygonal-shaped cover at the front end thereof, said top wall terminating in edge portions which surround a generally centrally located relatively large opening through which workpieces to be treated are introduced into the receptacle, fastening means for securing said bottom to said base, each of said arms contacting and gripping the outer surface of the sidewall, said receptacle being perforated throughout the greater portion thereof to permit treating solutions injected into the receptacle through said opening to escape, said side and top walls being of polygonal shape for imparting additional tumbling motion to the workpieces in the receptacle upon rotation thereof.

3. The assembly defined in claim 2 in which said side and top walls are each of octagonal configuration. 

1. A workpieCe holder of the type which is adapted for use on a processing machine and which is adapted to rotate about a generally centrally located axis comprising a hollow perforated and symmetrically constructed receptacle having a sidewall consisting of panels of rectangular configuration which are arranged in the form of an octagonal-shaped body, a generally flat bottom wall at the rear end of said body and a top wall consisting of panels of trapezoidal configuration which are arranged in the form of a generally frusto-octagonal-shaped cover at the front end of said body, the panels of said top wall terminating in edge portions which surround a generally centrally located relatively large circular opening through which workpieces to be treated are introduced into the receptacle, the side and top walls of said receptacle being perforated throughout the greater portion thereof to permit treating solutions injected into the receptacle through said opening to escape, said side and top walls being of octagonal shape for imparting additional tumbling motion to the workpieces in the receptacle upon rotation thereof.
 2. A workpiece holder and bracket assembly of the type which is adapted for use on a processing machine and which is adapted to rotate about a generally centrally located axis comprising a support bracket having a base through which the axis extends and a plurality of elongated arms, each arm being secured on the same end to said base at spaced points thereon, said arms extending forwardly from said base in a direction generally parallel to the axis, a hollow perforated receptacle carried by said bracket, said receptacle having a sidewall in the form of a polygonal-shaped body, a generally flat bottom wall at the rear end thereof and a top wall in the form of a generally frusto-polygonal-shaped cover at the front end thereof, said top wall terminating in edge portions which surround a generally centrally located relatively large opening through which workpieces to be treated are introduced into the receptacle, fastening means for securing said bottom to said base, each of said arms contacting and gripping the outer surface of the sidewall, said receptacle being perforated throughout the greater portion thereof to permit treating solutions injected into the receptacle through said opening to escape, said side and top walls being of polygonal shape for imparting additional tumbling motion to the workpieces in the receptacle upon rotation thereof.
 3. The assembly defined in claim 2 in which said side and top walls are each of octagonal configuration. 